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Øvre Pasvik National Park ((ノルウェー語:Øvre Pasvik nasjonalpark), (北部サーミ語:Báhčaveaji Álbmotmeahcci)) is located in the southeastern part of the Pasvikdalen valley in southern Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. Covering an area of , the national park is dominated by Siberian-like taiga consisting of old-growth forests of Scots pine, shallow lakes and bog. Proposals for a national park in Øvre Pasvik were first launched in 1936, but the park was not created until 6 February 1970. It originally covered , but was expanded in 29 August 2003. Øvre Pasvik is part of Pasvik–Inari Trilateral Park along with the adjacent Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area, the joint Norwegian and Russian Pasvik Nature Reserve, and Finland's Vätsäri Wilderness Area. The park has its western border running along the Finland–Norway border. The two most prominent lakes are Ellenvatn and Ødevatn, both of which flow into tributaries of the river Pasvikelva. The fauna and flora are typical of the Siberian taiga, and include some species uncommon for Norway. The park is a habitat for the brown bear and also has a large population of moose; reindeer husbandry takes place during winter. Eight species of fish live in the lakes and the park has 190 species of flowering plants. ==Geography== The national park covers an area of .〔Ryvarden (2007): 45〕 It is located in the southernmost part of Sør-Varanger and covers the southwestern part of the valley of Pasvikdalen. The park's western border is identical to the Finland–Norway border. The eastern border crosses through the lakes of Ivergammevatnet, Revsaksfjellet and Ødevatn. Treriksrøysa, the tripoint cairn located at the intersection of the Finland–Norway–Russia border, is within the park.〔Ryvarden (2007): 49〕 To the east is Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area and Pasvik Nature Reserve, which both lie along the Norway–Russia border.〔Ryvarden (2007): 122〕 The park is part of Pasvik–Inari Trilateral Park, which in addition to the three Norwegian protected areas includes Vätsäri Wilderness Area on the Finnish side of the border and the Russian part of Pasvik Nature Reserve. The area is exceptionally flat by Norwegian standards. It consists of large rolling hills with forest, shallow lakes and numerous tarns. The land is covered in an old-growth forest of Scots Pine, intertwined with bog.〔 The park rises slightly towards the west. The climate is dry, with an average precipitation per year. The winters are cold, having been measured. There are 60 days of midnight sun per year.〔Ryvarden (2007): 51〕 Because of the flat terrain, which is only broken by a few hills, it is easy to get lost in the park; lakes and creeks are the easiest means of orientation.〔Ryvarden (2007): 50〕 The tallest point is Kolfjellet, above mean sea level (AMSL).〔 About twenty percent of the national park is covered by lakes. The entire park is drained through two tributaries of the Pasvikelva, one draining Ellenvatn and one draining Ødevatn. Ellenvatn is the largest lake; located centrally in the park, it is drained from the north.〔 It has two enclosed bays to the south, Parvatn and Skinnposevatn. Ødevann, located in the southeast, is the second-largest lake.〔 Many of the smaller lakes are being filled with peat, a process which began following the end of the last glacial period. Many of the bogs have previously been lakes but have been transformed over the years.〔Ryvarden (2007): 54〕 The rock composition is mostly granite gneisses, although the northern part of the park has some schist. The entire area is covered by large amounts of soil, and bedrock can only be seen in cliffs and hillocks. These geological conditions result in poor soil quality.〔 During the last glacial period the region was covered by a large glacier which had little movement because of the flat terrain. Thus the glacier did not create any moraines, which could have created larger lakes. Most lakes are created by variations in the bedrock; Ødevannet is a notable exception as is lies in a deep fault, giving it a long and narrow profile.〔Ryvarden (2007): 52〕 The fault continues northeastwards, creating the Revsaksskaret cliff.〔Ryvarden (2007): 60〕 The valley has a marine border at AMSL, with the post-glacial rebound having dried up the land about 5000 BC. Prior to this the valley was part of a fjord.〔Ryvarden (2007): 52〕 The landscape is occasionally interrupted with vegetation-less and flat screes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Øvre Pasvik National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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